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Many of us as children may have wondered what's going on inside the mind of an animal—what are they thinking and feeling? Most animal researchers study science because of their fascination with animals, but for a long time scientific norms made it impossible to even raise the question of animal consciousness without losing scientific credibility.

Fortunately, those days have ended, thanks in large part to pioneering work by scientists such as , who argued from the 1980s to his death in 2003 that animal minds should be a topic for scientific study.

We are philosophers who study consciousness, and in our , published in Animal Cognition, we worked with other scientists to explore what the world might be like from the point of view of corvids, the family of birds that includes ravens, crows, jays and magpies.

"Birdbrain" used to be a common insult but corvids have such surprising intelligence that they are sometimes described by scientists and journalists as But we wanted to go beyond intelligence. To do this, we examined of their experience by combing through studies on their behavior, cognition, brains, emotions and consciousness.

Corvids' eyes have incredibly that allows them to navigate while flying at high speeds and to find potential sources of food. Their hearing is excellent, perhaps unsurprising for songbirds, allowing them to even reliable from unreliable group members by assessing and remembering their alert calls.

They also have a good sense of , which they use to help them find nuts and other food they have hidden. Unfortunately, we do not know how their smell compares to a lot of other animals, because there are not enough studies on corvids' sense of smell yet.

Emotional lives

Corvids show cognitive biases, similar to humans. They have and show signs of pessimism after observing similar states in others.

But they also show positive moods after successfully using —just like humans. And they can also show —wariness of new objects.

Even if you come with treats to give them, corvids are reluctant to fly close to someone they haven't met before, but are confident with humans they know well—another common human trait.

It is common for people to only attribute , but corvids show that we should study the emotions of birds in more detail.

Integrated experiences

We humans have one stream of consciousness. But birds lack a , the structure that connects the two brain hemispheres in us and other mammals.

Their brain halves show a lot of division of labor, such as using their to focus on different tasks. However, that doesn't necessarily mean that their experience is split into two selves—it could suggest a kind of partial unity different from our own.

Perhaps their consciousness is more like who have had their corpus callosum cut to reduce the effects of seizures. When two pictures are presented in their respective left and right visual fields, these people will draw what they see on the left side with their left hand, whereas they will verbally describe what is on the right, giving the appearance of two selves in .

Consciousness across time

Corvids show remarkable abilities in their sense of self across time. Because they often hide food (scientists call this ), they can remember not just where they hid food, but also what kind of food it was and they hid it—which is relevant for more perishable foods such as insects, compared to longer-lasting nuts.

Here their memory far outstrips our own or, for that matter, most other animals when it comes to , with some corvids caching and remembering over a thousand food items in a month for later consumption. No human would be able to remember that many hiding spots.

Corvids can even , collecting and storing a tool such as a spoon for future use.

A rich sense of self

They not only recognize themselves in , but also understand other minds. Research has shown corvids go back to remove cached food and hide it elsewhere if they know they have been —but only if they have stolen from others in the past.

Male jays will watch the feeding behavior of a female they want to court, so they can bring their preferred food. Even more solitary corvids, such as ravens, seem to have well-developed , which scientists used to think were largely restricted to mammals.

In all of this, there is still a great deal of uncertainty. Learning about the minds of other animals requires a great deal of inference from sparse and often ambiguous data. But we believe that there is scientific evidence for rich conscious experiences in corvids. For most species, it is a lack of research, not a lack of capacity, that keeps us silent on what their subjective experiences are like.

This research also has implications for corvid welfare. Understanding what the world is like for an animal means understanding what feels good and bad for them. Their good memories may mean they suffer longer from a negative experience, neophobia will mean novel objects should be introduced slowly, and their social abilities mean they should be housed in groups. Giving them tools could allow them enriching experiences.

All this should be taken into account when deciding how to care for these birds when kept in captivity, and how to minimize welfare risks in other interactions with them.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.