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"A wasted decade." That is how the past decade is called because of insufficient political action on climate change. It means that nations must now do four times the work鈥攐r do the same work in one-third of the time鈥攖o comply with the climate pact they made in Paris. These conclusions by Niklas H枚hne (NewClimate Institute in Cologne and Wageningen University & Research), and international colleagues in a "Comment' in Nature are based on a synthesis of all ten editions of the Emissions Gap Report produced by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Each year for the past ten years, the Emissions Gap Report has examined the difference (the 'gap') between what countries have pledged to do individually to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions, and what they need to do collectively to meet agreed temperature goals.

Halving global emissions in 10 years needed for 1.5 掳C

H枚hne and co-authors find that the required emissions cuts from 2020 to 2030 are now more than 7% per year on average for the 1.5鈥壜癈 temperature limit set in Paris and 3% for 2掳C. Had serious climate action begun in 2010, the cuts required to meet the emissions levels for 2鈥壜癈 would have been 2% per year, on average. The time window for halving global emissions has also narrowed: today it is 10 years for 1.5 掳C and 25 years for 2掳C; it would have been 30 years in 2010. "The gap is so huge that governments, the private sector and communities need to switch into crisis mode, make their climate pledges more ambitious and focus on early and aggressive action," the authors write.

Few success stories in 76 countries or regions

Some countries, regions, cities and businesses have promised or implemented urgently needed climate action, however. For example, 76 countries or regions and 14 subnational regions or states have set or even implemented net-zero emissions goals. Closing the gap will require scaling up these few success stories and mirroring them with progress in every sector, the authors conclude.